Logic Languages Programming that uses a form of symbolic logic as a programming language is often called logic programming, and languages based on symbolic logic are called logic programming languages, or declarative languages. The syntax of logic programming languages is … Continue reading →

Functional Language The design of the imperative languages is based directly on the von Neumann architecture. The design of the functional languages is based on mathematical functions. The functional programming paradigm, which is based on mathematical functions, is the design basis … Continue reading →

Exception Handling The special processing that may be required when an exception is detected is called exception handling. This processing is done by a code unit or segment called an exception handler. An exception is raised when its associated event … Continue reading →

Concurrency Concurrency can occur at four levels, those are machine instruction level, high level language statement level, unit level, and program level. Instruction level is executing two or more machine instructions simultaneously. High level language statement level is executing two or … Continue reading →

Object Oriented Programming The concept of object-oriented programming had its roots in SIMULA 67 but was not fully developed until the evolution of Smalltalk resulted in Smalltalk 80 (in 1980, of course). Indeed, some consider Smalltalk to be the base … Continue reading →

In this session, we have GSLC class so Ms.Yanfi only gave us some questions through the Binusmaya Forum and gave us about a week to answer it through the forum.   Here is the question: What are the similarities of … Continue reading →

Concept of Abstraction An abstraction is a view or representation of an entity that includes only the most significant attributes. In a general sense, abstraction allows one to collect instances of entities into groups in which their common attributes need … Continue reading →

Fundamental Abstraction Facilities There are two fundamental abstraction facilities, those are process abstraction and data abstraction. Process abstraction was emphasized from early days. Data abstraction was emphasized in the 1980s. All subprograms are process abstractions because they provide a way for … Continue reading →

Control Structure Computations in imperative-language programs are accomplished by evaluating expressions and assigning the resulting values to variables. However, there are few useful programs that consist entirely of assignment statements. At least two additional linguistic mechanisms are necessary to make … Continue reading →

Expressions Expressions are the fundamental means of specifying computations in a programming language. It is crucial for a programmer to understand both the syntax and semantics of expressions of the language being used. To understand expression evaluation, it is necessary … Continue reading →